[1] According to our opinion,
in the near future, better understanding of the bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota, host-microbe-helminth interactions, and determining the role of specific probiotic bacteria will allow the development of functional diets and the use of intestinal microbiome to improve the results of pharmacological therapy of many diseases. It is expected that these pathways will be especially harnessed to provide
novel method to enhance health and treat AD.
There is no doubt that in patients with AD, attempts to restore the intestinal microbiome to acomposition reminiscent of that found in healthy adult humans will significantly slow down the progression of neurodegeneration by lowering the level of inflammatory reactions and/or amyloidogenesis.
In conclusion, the new strategies seem to focus on examining the potential neuroprotective activity of disease-modifying drugs in the presymptomatic stages of AD, with the help of biomarkers that predict disease progression before development of overt dementia.
[2] However,
more insight is needed into the mechanisms of the action of gut microbes, which are often mediated by metabolites such as bile acids, SCFAs, and choline.
The specific microbes responsible for such actions still remain unclear, but are necessary for specific gut microbial modulation. Despite extensive research into correlations between levels of metabolites and specific gut microbes,
the causative factor of gut microbes in various diseases is not yet clarified. Therefore, investigating these underlying molecular mechanisms
remains as an important focus in future research, and will require concerted efforts from scholars in multidisciplinary areas of research, including clinical doctors, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biological chemists.
Finally,
novel emerging research on the role of gut microbes in neurodegenerative diseases presents an area of especially unmet need; particular attention is required on how gut microbes and their metabolites can access the brain and affect various neurological functions in human.
[3] Human GM has now been accepted as a potential modulator of human biology. Although new to the world of science,
GM's impact on brain & behavior has drawn great attention around the globe. Studies have now proven that gut microbiota can directly or indirectly modify brain neurochemistry via various mechanisms like neural, immune and endocrine.
Although we still need to establish a cause and effect relationship between GM and Parkinson's Disease, such a study may provide
novel approaches for prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as PD.
Current approaches mentioned in this review have laid the groundwork for identifying the mechanisms underlying the ability of the GM to in?uence host's brain & behavior. Deeper insights into the gut microbiota brain axis could connect the dots between GM and PD etiology. It could help in preventing or early diagnosis of PD possibly through some peripheral biomarkers. If this hypothesis is valid and that GM is involved in PD etiology, we might be looking at a new therapeutic and treatment regimen probably focused on dietary and pharmacological interventions to maintain healthy GM.
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